《冥报记》报应故事中的隋唐西京影像

Image of Western Capital in the Sui-Tang Dynasty Presented by Mingbao Ji

《冥报记》所述相关史事关系到隋唐西京即大兴城和长安城的地理建置问题。作者唐临的家世渊源和他本人的生长环境与受学做官的履历,使其具备充分的条件,熟悉隋唐时期长安城的宫宇寺观、街巷坊曲,书中所记诸如故事发生的场所等与因果报应并无直接关联的具体事项,大体可以视同信史,藉以复原隋大兴城和唐长安城的面貌。隋大兴城建成之初,达官贵人在选择宅第位置时,呈现出比较明显的重西轻东倾向,即更多的人是偏好居住在城区的西部,这与唐代中期以后长安城内居民更多偏好选择东部的情况,形成鲜明的对照,而这正是中国古代城市内部结构的一项重大改变,隋人应是承自先秦时期沿袭下来的“尊长在西”的观念。看似无比严整的隋唐西京坊里制,在其始建之初,即已为日后的瓦解种下了必然的因缘,这就是隋大兴城中的居民,实际上是经常舍大街不行而以坊里内部的街道为正途,并利用街道两旁的生活服务设施,这些坊里内部的街道,实质上与坊里制崩溃以后城市街道的性质颇为相似。过去在研究唐宋之际坊市制度的变迁时,大多只关注临街开门开店现象的出现和增长,而坊里内部街道与坊外大街之间的地位变换,实际上在这当中也发挥着至关重要的作用。

This paper focuses on geographical structure issues relating to the Western Capital （Daxing in the Sui and Chang＇an in the Tang） in the Sui-Tang period. New approach is utilizing the historical records presented by Buddhism anecdotage, Mingbao Ji 冥报记 （Karmic Retribution from the Ghostdora）, composed by Tanglin in the early Tang Dynasty. Through discussing Tanglin＇s educational and professional biography and family background, the author demonstrates that Tanglin had erudite knowledge about the Western Capital in the Sui-Tang period and he was familiar with the city＇s royal palaces, Buddha and Daoism temples, streets and blocks. Most of former scholarships on the transition of wards and markets between the Tang and Song times stressed the emergence of shops opened along the main streets and the increasing of their number. This paper shows that the changing between the roads and lanes inside the wards and the streets and avenues outside, de facto, played an important role in that process.