法律与道德——法律合法性的三种论证路向

Law and Moral——Three Argumentations on Legitimacy of Law

时至近代,法律的合法性问题日益凸现,法律与道德的关系在论证法律的合法性问题的过程中居于核心的地位。一般而言,对法律合法性的证明主要有两种路径:其一认为法律的合法性植根于道德的合理性,法律与道德是一种模仿关系;其二主张法律与道德并没有直接的关系,法律的合法性或者在于法律的合法律性,或者在于国家强制。但哈贝马斯认为法律与道德是一种相互补充、相互渗透的关系,所以法律的合法性应该从基于商谈伦理学的程序主义角度进行论证,从而实现了对传统论证方法的超越。

In modern society, legitimacy of law become more and more important, and the relation between law and moral is the crucial problem when demonstrating the legitimacy of law. Generally speaking, there are two argumentations on legitimacy of law： one is that legitimacy of law roots from moral rationality, and law and moral is related by a kind of imitation; the other is that law and moral have no relation, so legitimacy of law lies on either the legality of law, such as Max Weber, or the coercion of state, such as legal positivism. Habermas think, however, law and moral have a complementary relation, and demonstrate the legitimacy of law through a proceduralist way which based on discourse ethnics. Without any doubt, it is beyond two traditional argumentations on legitimacy of law above mentioned.