下辽河平原水肥交互作用及对玉米产量的影响

Effects of water and nutrient interaction on maize yields in lower reach of Liaohe River Plain

以沈阳生态试验站一组持续16年的长期定位试验为平台,研究了不同降水年景作物对施肥的增产反应及水分对肥料增产的促进作用,估算了下辽河平原地区水肥交互作用对作物增产的贡献。结果表明,该地区玉米蒸散耗水与其生育期内降水之间关系密切,且不同的施肥处理对玉米消耗水分量影响不大。过少或过多的降水均会降低玉米产量。在高肥力水平下平水年(降水400-550 mm)玉米产量最高,水肥交互作用对作物增产的贡献亦达最大,可占总增产量的44.9%。

Based on a long-term located experiment with 16 years, the authors investigated the response of increasing crop yields to fertilization. The effects of water-nutrient interaction on maize yields in lower reach of Liaohe River plain were estimated in different precipitation years. It was shown that the evapotranspiration was significantly correlated with the precipitation in the growth stage of maize. Under different conditions of fertilization, the water consumption of maize was similar. At the same time, the crop growth was directly influenced by the water supply, and the yield decreased markedly in waterlogging or drought years. Under high lgvel fertilization treatments and fitting water supply （normal rainfall）, the increase of crop yields was the highest, the effect of water-nutrient interaction on maize yields was the most significant, and it accounted for 44.9X of the total increased crop yields.