尿路结石成分分析及临床应用研究

Chemical Component Analysis of Urinary Calculus and Its Clinical Application

目的探讨本地区尿路结石成分构成情况,并根据尿路结石成分构成指导尿路结石的治疗和预防。方法收集江门市中心医院住院和门诊上、下尿路结石标本120例,采用化学显色法对尿路结石中磷酸盐、尿酸盐、草酸盐、碳酸盐、钙、铵、胱氨酸等化学成分进行定性分析。结果本组尿路结石样本中含钙结石最多,占80.8%,含磷酸盐结石次之,占67.5%。单纯性结石占35%,其中草酸钙结石为最多,占69%。感染性结石中以磷酸盐结石最多,占68.7%,含铵结石占61.2%。复发结石含磷酸盐占88.2%,其比例显著高于初发结石。上尿路结石中含钙和磷酸盐结石显著高于下尿路结石,下尿路结石中含尿酸盐结石显著高于上尿路。结论根据结石分析得到的结石化学成分特点,可有针对性地指导临床治疗,并可指导患者从饮食、生活习惯等方面预防尿路结石的发生和复发。

Objective To analyze the chemical composition of urinary calculus and provide the preventive measure of urinary calculus formation. Method A total of 120 subjects were included in this study. Calculus from kidney, ureter and bladder were qualitatively analyzed for the content of phosphate, urate, oxalate, carbonate, calcium, ammonium and cystine by chemical methods. Result 80.8 % of urinary calculus had a high content of calcium. 67.5% were phosphatic calculus. 35% were oxalate calculus. 69% were calcium oxalate calculus. Phosphatic calculus （68.7%） and ammonium containing calculus （61.2%） were usually obtained from patients with urinary infection. 88.2% of recurrent calculi were phosphatic calculus. Calculi obtained from the kidney and ureter usually had a higher content of calcium and phosphate. Urate calculi were usually found in the bladder. Conclusion With the knowledge on the chemical composition of calculus, the formation of calculus may be prevented by controlling the diets.