作物航天育种研究现状与展望

Current status and perspective outlook of space induced mutation breeding in crop plants

空间是当今世界竞争激烈的新领域。空间环境的显著特点是强辐射、微重力、弱地磁、超真空和超洁净等。利用航天诱变技术进行作物改良已经在水稻、小麦、棉花、青椒、番茄和芝麻等作物上取得较好进展,并从中获得了一些对重要经济性状有突破性影响的罕见突变。在简要概述国内外空间植物学研究发展的基础上,重点分析了航天技术在作物育种中的应用现状与发展前景。

The development and utilization of space resources has been a new research field with keen worldwide competition. Space provides a special environment with supervacuum, microgravity and strong cosmic radiation. Good achievements have been made by space induced mutations for crop improvement, especially in rice, wheat, cotton, sweet pepper, tomato and sesame, with some very useful rare mutants which might make a great breakthrough in crop yield and quality improvement, the current status of space botany research in aboard was briefly introduced. The research progress and perspedives of application of space technology for crop improvement by using recoverable satellite techniques in China have been reviewed.