西方历史哲学发展逻辑的深层透视

A Thorough Perspective on the Developmental Logic of Western Historical Philosophy

西方历史哲学的演进与资本所开创的“世界历史”的发展密切相关。为了论证资本主义社会的合理性,传统西方历史哲学沿着“超历史”的思维路向发展,忽略了自身的历史界限。现代西方历史哲学虽然注意到了历史的主体性以及历史认识的主观性与相对性特征,但由于不了解历史以及历史认识的实践本质,也未能真正明确自身的历史界限。只有从“人的实践以及对这个实践的理解”来理解和说明历史,并将其理论视域锁定于“资本批判”的马克思历史哲学,才真正在哲学史上实现了明确历史界限的历史哲学变革。

The progress of the western historical philosophy has a close relation with'the world history' that was initiated by the capital. In order to demonstrate the rationality of the capitalist society, the traditional western historical philosophy has been developing along the'non-historical' thinking mode, so as to ignore its own historical limitation. Although modern western historical philosophy has been aware of the subjectivity of history and the subjectivity as well as relativity of historical knowing, it still cannot establish its historical finitude because it doesn't understand the history and the practical essence of historical knowing. Only Marx's historical philosophy, which understand and explains the history based on the cognition of'human practice and the understanding of it', and whose theoretical perspective is fixed on'the critic of capital', can really accomplish the transition of historical philosophy that establishes its historical finitude.