汉语称呼语概念结构的研究

The Study of Conceptual Structures of Chinese Address Words

本文运用自然分类和多维标度的方法,研究了汉语称呼语的概念结构。被试是100名大学生。结果表明,常用汉语称呼语可以分为5类:(1)近亲属称呼语;(2)指称二层亲属关系长辈的称呼语;(3)特殊亲属称呼语;(4)与同辈人交际的通用称呼语;(5)与长辈交际的通用称呼语。汉语称呼语的概念结构有两个维度,其一是亲属/非亲属,其二是辈分。这两个维度在中国传统文化中有着深厚的渊源。

With the methods of classifying and multidimensional scaling, this paper explores the conceptual structure of Chinese address words. The results show that the Chinese address words could be divided into 5 categories：（ 1）the address words for close kinsfolk;（2） the address words for elder kinsfolk ; （ 3 ） special kinsfolk address words; （4） general address words for the communications among same generations; （5） general address words for the communications between different generations. The conceptual structure of Chinese address words have two dimensions, one is kinsfolk/non-kinsfolk,the other is generations. These two dimensions have deep origins in Chinese traditional culture.