变应性鼻炎与支气管哮喘相关性的临床研究

Clinical study of correlation between allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma

对458例AR患者进行特异性变应原试验,其中变应原试验阳性患者进行免疫治疗。AR变应原阳性率前3位是:室内尘土、多价兽毛和春季花粉Ⅲ;AR伴支气管哮喘变应原阳性率前3位是:室内尘土、春季花粉Ⅲ和多价霉菌Ⅰ。AR组进行免疫治疗的疗效要显著优于对照组(P<0.01)。AR伴支气管哮喘组进行免疫治疗的疗效也要优于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明:本地区室内尘土和春季花粉Ⅲ是导致变应性鼻炎发展为支气管哮喘的主要危险因素之一;无论伴或不伴支气管哮喘的AR患者,及早正规的免疫治疗可以减少AR发展成支气管哮喘的危险性。

To evaluate the correlation between allergic rhinitis（AR）and bronchial asthma and seek for a effective therapy, special allergen skin test was performed in 458 AR patients. If skin test was positive, immunotherapy was used. It is found that three highest positive rate of allergen skin test in simple AR are indoor dust, multivalent animal hair and spring pollen Ⅲ, and three highest positive rate of allergen skin test in AR combined with bronchial asthma are indoor dust, spring pollen Ⅲ and multivalent fungi Ⅰ. The effective rate of immunotherapy for AR group is much higher than for the control group（P〈0.01）, and the effective rate of immunotherapy for AR with bronchial asthma group is also higher than for the control group（P〈0.05）. The results show that indoor dust and spring pollen Ⅲ are major risk factors that cause AR to develop bronchial asthma in this local area. Earlier and normal immunotherapy for AR, whether or not with concomitant bronchial asthma, is undoubtedly necessary, since it reduces the risk of AR developing bronchial asthma.