意识共同体与土客冲突——晚清湖团案再诠释

Consciousness Community and the Conflicts between the Natives and the New Comers:——An Reinterpretation of the Weishanhu Lake Regiment Case of the Late Dynasty Qing

咸丰年间的两次黄河决口,先是把苏北铜沛一带部分乡民赶出“守望相助”的共同体,继而将鲁西南灾民驱赶至此,由此彻底颠覆了当地乡村的社会秩序。而恰逢其时的捻军行动和湖匪骚乱及其与移民的某种巧合性关联,使土客之间的关系更为错综复杂。这场一度轰动晚清朝野的湖团大案,虽由田产纠纷而起,但症结是土著“心怀不平”的嫉恨心态与“尽逐此数万人而后快”的排外意识,根源在于双方文化的差异,即其实质为两种基于差异性地域文化的意识共同体的冲突。

In the period of Emperor Xianfeng, the first overflow of the Yellow River drove some of the people in Tongshan and Peixian out of their community The second overflow drove the victims in southwest where they lived with ＂mutual help among neighbors＂. of Shandong Province to the the western bank of Weishanhu lake in Tongshan and Peixian. From then on, the social order of the local community was broken. What＇s worse, the unrest the Nian army and the bandit in Weishanhu Lake made, the subtle connections between Nian Army, the bandit in Weishanhu Lake and the immigrants, made the relations between the natives and the new comers more complex. The once sensational Weishan Lake Regiment Case in the region, though was seemingly their desire of caused from land ownship disputes, but its real point was the jealousness of the Natives and expelling the new comers. The source lay in the conflicts between their different culture, namely the Regiment Case in fact was a conflict between two different consciousness community based on different regional culture.