长江中下游地区的短尾蝮分类地位的确定

Revised Taxonomic Status of Gloydius brevicaudus siniticus

长江中下游地区的短尾蝮的鼻间鳞形状与斑纹和短尾蝮(Gloydius brevicaudus)和日本蝮(G.blomhoffii)相似,鳞片变化范围也有很大重合。尽管不少学者对此进行过研究,至于它们的分类地位尚有争议。作者对中国产蝮亚科(Crotalinae)亚洲蝮属(Gloydius)短尾蝮(G.brevicaudus)、乌苏里蝮(G.ussuriensis)和长江中下游短尾蝮共3个居群9个个体测定了825 bp线粒体ND4基因序列,并从GeneBank下载了日本产日本蝮(G.blomhoffii)2个个体的ND4基因序列,以原矛头蝮属(Protobothrops)的菜花原矛头蝮(P.jerdonii)序列为外群,以亚洲蝮属的高原蝮(G.strauchii)序列为姐妹群,用MEGA 3.1软件构建最大简约分子系统树。结果显示,长江中下游地区的短尾蝮与东北地区的短尾蝮聚集,而乌苏里蝮与日本蝮聚集,支持长江中下游地区的短尾蝮不是日本蝮的结论。还对其体长和鳞片(背鳞、腹鳞和尾下鳞)数据做了统计学分析,并和东北短尾蝮的数据比较。运用75%法则,两者所有数据的差异系数均小于1.28,认为长江中下游地区的短尾蝮是东北地区短尾蝮的南方居群,而不是其亚种。

In consideration of the shape of internasal scale, the overlapping range of scale counts of dorsals, ventrals and subcaudals, and in addition to the similarity of color and pattern of the crotalid Gloydius blomhoffii siniticus in comparison with species G. blomhoffii and G. brevicaudus, there exists an opinion that the former subspecies may be synonymou of the last one. The authors sequenced mtDNA ND4 gene 825 bp fragmant from G. b. siniticus （ Stejnerger）, G. brevicaudus （ Stejnerger）, G. ussuriensis （ Emelianov）, G. strauchii （Bedriaga） and Protobothrops jerdonii （ Gunther）, and downloaded ND4 gene fragment from G. blomhoffii from GeneBank. Combined with the sequence of P.jerdonii. The ND4 MP phylogenetic tree had been constructed these species （subspecies） with MEGA 3. 1 software. The molecular data showed that G. b. siniticus and G. brevicaudus were closely related. The authors check the scale counts of dorsals, ventrals, subcaudals and length of tail/total body （%） by 75% principle. The results showed the coefficient of differences between G. blomhoffii siniticus and G. brevicaudus is less than 1.28 in all data. Based on this, the authors consider that G. blomhoffii siniticus is southern populations of the latter.