大鼠新型颈总动脉球囊损伤后狭窄模型的建立及其动态病理学观察

A New Modeling and Its Dynamic Pathologic Observation of Restenosis after Carotid Artery Balloon-injury in Rats

目的为经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术后再狭窄的研究提供新型的造模方法。方法SD大鼠24只,假手术组6只,模型组18只(分3个时相点5 d1、4 d和28 d,每个时相点6只动物)。用2.0 Fogarty球囊导管自右股动脉插管建立大鼠左颈总动脉球囊损伤模型。每组动物于相应时相点麻醉心脏放血处死后,取损伤颈总动脉,常规固定、包埋、切片,分别做HE染色、TR-A02弹力纤维染色和Masson三色染色,在光学显微镜下病理观察。结果球囊损伤大鼠颈总动脉后,5 d可见内皮细胞脱落,表面炎性细胞浸润,附壁少量血栓形成,随着时间的延长,14 d动脉内膜逐渐增厚,VSMC增殖,胶原和弹力纤维组织大量增生,28 d可见内膜明显不规则增生,管腔明显变窄。结论本实验成功的复制了球囊损伤术后血管狭窄动物模型,其病理改变与临床经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术后再狭窄的病理改变相似。而且该造模方法与自颈外动脉插管建立颈总动脉再狭窄模型相比失血少,创面小,操作简便迅速,有利于提高手术成功率。

Objective To create a new animal model for exploring restenosis after percutaneous stransluminal coronary angioplasty（ PTCA）. Method 24 male Sprague-Dawley big rats were randomly divided into 4 groups （n = 6）. The 2.0F balloon catheter injury was perfomed through the right femoral artery into the left common carotid artery of rats. Around 6 rats from each group were euthanized by exsanguination at appropriate time point. The injuried left common carotid arteries were carefully removed and harvested, then the pathological slides were prepared and stained for optical microscopic observation. Microscopic analyses and quantitation of morphologic parameters were performed using HMIAS-2000, which was a futl-automatic computerized colorful imaging analysis system. Results The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMC） was spotted on the surface of vascular lumen at 5d after the rat underwent balloon-dilation injury of the left carotid artery. Artery intimal proliferation progressed gradually as time went on. 28days after the operation, morphological analysis demonstrated that there were markedly differences in the area of neointima hyperplasia, the vascular wall collagen proliferation between all model groups and the sham-operated group. Conclusion This experiment successfully duplicated the clinical animal model of BS, the model method of vascular restenosis established by balloon injury of rat carotid artery had the worthy of expansion.