骨髓基质细胞治疗局灶性脑缺血的研究进展

Progress in Research on Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in the Treatment of Focal Cerebral Ischemia

骨髓基质细胞（MSC）是指骨髓基质中具有自我复制和多向分化潜能的干细胞，在特定条件下不仅可分化为中胚层细胞，而且也可横向分化为外胚层起源的神经胶质细胞和神经元。缺血性脑损伤时，MSC可向缺血灶迁移并分化为神经细胞，从而减轻神经功能缺损。研究表明，MSC静脉移植促进脑缺血神经功能恢复并非由于移植后新分化的神经元与宿主神经环路发生整合，而是MSC分泌的各种生长因子介导的。MSC并不能取代损伤组织，而是增进其功能，提高残存组织的可塑性。另外，MSC还是外源基因转染和表达的良好载体。MSC具有很强的增殖能力，易于体外培养扩增，通过基因修饰MSC，可提高对缺血性脑损伤的修复作用。因此，MSC有望成为基因治疗的靶细胞，在基因工程方面有着广阔的应用前景。

Bone marrow stromal cells （MSCs） are the stem cells with self-replication and multilineage differentiation potential in bone marrow matrix, and they can not only differentiate into mesoblastemata, but also laterally differentiate into ectodermriginated glial cells and neurons in a given circumstance. MSCs can migrate to ischemic foci and differentiate into neurons during cerebral ischemic injury, and thereby reduce neurological deficits. Studies have suggested that intravenous transplantation of MSCs may accelerate the recovery of neurological function, not that the newly differentiated neurons integrate with the host neural circuits, but that it is mediated by MSCs secreted various growth factors. MSCs cannot replace the impaired tissues, but improve their functions, and improve the plasticity of remaining tissues. In addition, MSCs are the good vehicles of exogenous gone transfection and expression. MSCs have vigorous proliferation capability, and they are easy to amplify cultured in vitro. They may improve the repair of cerebral ischemic injury through gene modification of MSCs. Therefore, it is promising that MSCs will become target cells for gone therapy, and they will have extensive application prospects in genetic engineering.