几种天然蛋白原料水解物的除草活性初步研究

A preliminary study on the herbicidal activity of the hydrolysates from five natural protein materials

以鱼粉、肉骨粉、豆粕、菜籽粕及芡粉等几种天然蛋白原料为底物,以碱性蛋白酶为水解酶制备出天然蛋白原料的水解物,用培养皿生物分析法检测不同蛋白原料水解物在不同浓度(0.5、1、2、5 mg/mL)条件下对杂草野菊种子的生根抑制活性。结果表明:不同蛋白原料制备出的水解物对野菊种子萌发根系生长均有抑制作用,并且随着浓度增加其抑制活性增强,不同蛋白原料水解物的除草活性有显著性差异,其除草活性顺序为:鱼粉水解物>肉骨粉水解物>豆粕水解物>菜籽粕水解物>芡粉水解物,水解物的根抑制活性与原料的蛋白含量及其水解物的多肽含量成正相关性,作者推测,天然蛋白水解物中的多肽可能是植物种子萌发时根系生长抑制活性物质,但这种根抑制活性究竟是由于特异性多肽的化感作用还是植物种子萌发时对高氮胁迫反应有待进一步研究。

The hydrolysates of five proteins materials, namely fish meal （FM）, meat and bone meal （MBM）. soy bean meal （SBM）, rapeseed meal （RSM） and wheal gluten meal （WGM）, were prepared with alcalase and their root-inhibiting activity to Indian dendranthema, Dendranthema indicum （L.） Des Moul was measured in Petri dish at different concentrations, i.e. 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 mg/mL. All hydrolysates showed root-inhibiting activity, and their bioactivity was raised as their concentrations increased. The herbicidal activities of the five hydrolysates were signifi- cantly different from each other. The herbicidal activities declined in the following sequence： fish hydrolysate（FH）, meat and bone hydrolysate （MBH）, soybean hydrolysate （SBH）, rapeseed hydrolysate （RSH） and wheat gluten meal（WGH）. The root inhibiting activity was positively correlated to the peptide contents of the hydrolysates and protein contents of the materials, suggesting that the peptides in the hydrolysates were herbicidal bioactive sub stances. However, whether the herbicidal activity is due to the allopethy of special peptides or only to the high N stress against germinating seeds remains unclear and further studies are needed.