构建和谐社会与人性的塑造——仅以西方历史进程为例

The Construction of a Harmonious Society and the Moulding of Mumanity——Take the Process of Western History as an Example

和谐社会是人类在漫长的历史进程中对理想的追求。柏拉图理想国对和谐的要求是公民各安其位。与城邦三部分相应,灵魂也分三个部分。理性能够驾驭灵魂的其余部分,人的灵魂才是善的。中世纪的理想是上帝之城,追求的理想人性是爱。然而政教合一导致教会腐败。近代社会的理想是公民社会,崇尚人的自然本性。为了避免人对人的战争状态,通过契约建立了公权力。它的基础是理性。

It is an ideal for human beings to construct a harmonious society.In Plato's Republic,harmony means that the citizens are on their proper seats.The soul consists of three parts as a does.When the ration can control other parts,soul is good.In Middle Ages,Christians thought that the city of God was their ideal.Faith wa Love.Love wa the good nature of human beings.But,the caesaropapism results in corruption.Since modern time,the Third Estate set up the civil society.It advocates the nature.They build the public power by some contracts in order to avoid fighting between human beings.The base of the civil society is the reason.