上海话“侪”与普通话“都”的异同

Similarities and Differences between Ze (侪) in Shanghai Dialect and Dou (都) in Mandarin

上海话的“侪”和普通话的“都”都是量化副词,可以用语义三分结构来分析包含“侪”或“都”的句子。但是它们不同于逻辑上的全称量词,只要求达到一定程度,不要求全部。“侪”使用的语义条件是离散个案集合中个案数目累积达到相当大的程度,而“都”还可以表示在一个连续统中到了某一关键程度。“侪”在疑问结构中比“都”受到更多的限制,这可能是由于对某些焦点副词的干扰作用更为敏感。

Ze in Shanghai dialect and dou in Mandarin Chinese are both quantifieational adverbs A sentence containing either of them can be analyzed as a tripartite structure semantically. However, they are not universal quantifiers per se as they do not require exhaustive inclusion. Ze characterizes inclusion of a considerably large number of members in a given set whereas dou expresses attainment of a significant extent in a continuum. Another difference between them is that the former is more limited in interrogative uses, possibly due its greater sensibility to intervention effects of some focus adverbs.