食菌瓢虫利用价值与繁育

Utility Value and Breeding of the Fungivorous Ladybugs

食菌瓢虫族(Psylloborini)在我国已有记载的计四属九种,一异型。作者在甘肃采集到其中三属四种:白条菌瓢虫、梵文菌瓢虫、素鞘瓢虫和十二斑菌瓢虫。食菌瓢虫以大量取食寄生在植物叶表面的白粉菌为生,它们是白粉菌的天敌。实验表明,成虫和幼虫可取食苹果白粉病菌、番瓜白粉病菌、杨树白粉病菌、桑白粉病菌以及月季白粉病菌等的菌丝体和粉孢子。成虫和幼虫一生总食菌量是:白条菌瓢虫为480.97cm^2,梵文菌瓢虫为474.22cm^2,素鞘瓢虫为215.83cm^2,十二斑菌瓢虫为187.96cm^2。食菌瓢虫四季都可以繁育。

Four genera, nine species and one forma of the tribe Psyllorini have been recorded in China. Three genera and four species, i. e. Illeis cincta Fabricius, Halyzia hauseri Mader, Halyzia sanscrita Mulsanf and Vibidia duodecimguttata Poda, were collected by the author in Gansu. The fungivorous ladybugs feed on powdery mildews on the surface of leaves. They are controlling parasites of powdery mildews. Results of the experiment showed that their adult and larva consumed the mycelia and oidia of Podosphaera leucotricha, Erysiphe cichoracearum, Phyllactinia corylea, Uncinula mori and Oidium sp. etc. The tolal food for adult and larva in their whole life was as follows: H. sanscrita 474.22cm^2, H. hauseri 480.97cm^2, I. cincta 215.83cm^2 and V. duodecimqutta 187.96cm^2. The fungivorous ladybugs could be bred all the year round.