岩溶隧道安全设计、施工与管理

Safe Design,Construction and Management of Karst Tunnel

研究目的:渝怀线圆梁山隧道、宜万线马鹿箐隧道发生了重大工程灾害,造成了巨大的经济损失和人员伤亡。因此,如何有效地解决岩溶隧道的施工安全,已受到铁道部各级领导高度重视。本文主要介绍了岩溶隧道的安全设计、施工与管理的各环节,以期对今后岩溶隧道的安全修建提供借鉴。研究方法:结合以往隧道施工中的经验与教训,对岩溶隧道风险等级进行划分,并对岩溶隧道的安全要素进行剖析,研究各安全要素的主要内容。研究结论:为规避岩溶隧道风险,设计、施工和管理各环节都应进行风险辨识,制定相应的风险对策:设计阶段,应对岩溶隧道进行风险等级划分,并依此进行相应的必要设计;施工阶段,应加强安全培训,将施工原则、施工方法、风险辨识、逃生系统有效地贯穿于施工过程中;对复杂的岩溶隧道应进行超前预测预报专项化管理,对岩溶的治理应进行程序化、制度化和专项费用管理。

Research purposes： The serious engineering disasters happened to Yuanliangshan Tunnel of Chongqiong - Huaihua Railway and Maluqing Tunnel of Yichang - Wanzhou Railway and caused huge economic loss and death and injury of persons, so it had been highly stressed on how to ensure the safety of karst tunnel construction effectively by the leaders at all levels of MOR. An introduction was given in this paper to all links of safe design, construction and management of karst tunnel in order to provide reference to safe construction of karst tunnel in future. Research methods：According to the previous experience and lessons of construction of tunnel, the risk grade of karst tunnel was classified, the essential factors of safety of karst tunnel were analysed and the research was made on the main contents of essential factors of safety. Research conclusions：The discrimination should be done and the countermeasures should be worked out in the courses of design, construction and management of karst tunnel for avoiding the risk. In the design period, the classification of risk degree should be made for carst tunnel and with it the relative design should be made. In the construction period, the training should be reinforced for security and the relative construction principle and method, risk discrimination and fleeing system should be implemented and provided in the whole course of construction. For those complicated karst tunnels, the prediction and forecast should be done in advance with special management and the treatment of karst should be done based on pragram and system with management of the special fund.