产业空间集聚及其效应的研究进展

Progress in Industrial Agglomeration Research

产业的空间集聚是经济活动最突出的地理特征,也是一个世界性的经济现象。产业集聚一直是经济地理学、区域经济学、管理学等相关学科研究的主要问题之一,特别是20世纪90年代以来,产业集聚成为经济学和地理学的热点课题。本文重点回顾了产业区位论、新产业区理论以及新经济地理理论等对产业集聚的理论阐述。并从产业集聚的影响因素和产业集聚效应两个方面综述了近年来国内外有关产业集聚的实证研究,突出了要素禀赋、外部性、规模经济等在产业集聚形成过程中的重要作用,并指出了产业集聚形成后对产业区位、产业增长以及区域经济增长产生的影响。最后对国内产业集聚研究现状进行了总结。

The geographical clustering of manufacturing employments and establishments is pervasive. Companies and plants are not distributed uniformly in space, but rather agglomerate in some places. Industrial agglomeration has been a popular economic phenomenon all over the world and has been paid a lot of attentions to by scholars and government＇s officials. Industrial agglomeration is one of the main issues of economic geography, regional economics and other related disciplines. In this paper, the progress of theories and empirical studies in industrial agglomeration research is reviewed. Marshall has pointed at three types of externalities： labor pool- ing, intermediate inputs and knowledge spillovers. Classical and neoclassical location theories emphasize the role of transportation costs, labor costs and demands in promoting industrial agglomeration. Neoclassical trade theories stress technology or resource endowments and comparative advantages. In new economic geography models, the distribution of economic activities is driven by the interaction of transportation costs and scale economies. Empirical studies on industrial agglomeration confirm that a variety of significant variables, including factor endowments, external economies, scale economies, transportation costs, market demands and other non-economic factors, influence the formation of industrial agglomeration.