国际制度缘何重要——三大流派比较研究

Why Do International Institutions Matter?——Comparative Analysis of Three Grand Theories

国际制度缘何重要?现实主义、自由主义和建构主义都对这一问题做出了回答。现实主义认为,国际制度背后有一只“权力之手”在起作用,制度的重要性主要体现在对权力的服务作用上;自由主义从理性功能主义的角度出发,有力地论证了国际制度重要性的问题。罗伯特·基欧汉的“新自由制度主义”取得了里程碑性的成就,后经过莉沙·马丁等学者的补充完善,进一步发展成为以四种基本博弈模型为分析框架,以理性主义为基底的功能主义国际制度需求理论,初步回答了国际制度重要性的问题。“国际制度理性设计”、“制度治理”等开始成为这一领域新的研究纲领。建构主义认为国际制度必须有规范基础,国际制度的重要性不仅体现在促进行为体利益实现的功能上,还体现在对行为体身份和利益的建构上。通过对三大流派关于国际制度重要性的比较研究,本文认为,三大流派在“理论范式”的层面上会继续争鸣,在“具体研究纲领”的层面上会不断融合。

Realism, Liberalism and Constructivism, being the three paradigms of contemporary International Relations Theory, give their own reasons why international institutions matter. Realists argue that power is an invisible hand behind institutions, around which institutions function. Liberalists insist that international institutions can resolve the problems of international collec- tive action. Robert Keohane and his Neoliberal Institutionalism are the cornerstones of the liberal approach. Rational Design of International Institutions and Institutional Governance are becoming the research foci. Constrnctivists argue that international institutions can not only promote actor＇s interests hut also construct actor＇s identity. From the comparison, we can find that these three approach can supplement in specific research level while continue to rival in general theoretical level.