动结式致事的类型、语义性质及其句法表现

On the types,semantic properties and syntactic forms of the causer in the verb-resultative construction

在构造致使关系的各种语义因素中，致事起着关键作用。本文从致使事件的语义结构、构式中形式与意义的互动关系等角度对动结式致事的类型、语义性质及其句法表现做了进一步分析。文章首先充实了对致事来源多样性的系统分析，从而构造了致事的层级系统，并描写了底层语义成分提升为致事的语义基础；接着刻画了不同类型的致事在提升过程中所受到的共同的语义约束；最后讨论各类致事在致使性概念结构中的事件性本质及其实体化的句法表现，对所谓的反转使役结构作出新的分析，并借此对致事提升过程中的转喻机制做了一些探讨。文章还借此指出，结构规则所概括的只能是“型”的现象，要想说明“例”的现实化条件，甚至进一步说明“型”的形成过程，还需要从句法结构的认知基础上做出解释，并使认知原则规则化。

The causer plays a decisive role in the semantic components which form the causal relation. This paper makes a further analysis on the types, semantic properties and syntactic forms of the causer in VRC from two perspectives: the semantic structure in the causative event and the interaction between the form and meaning in this construction. First it explores systematically the multiple sources of the causer and its hierarchy and discusses the semantic foundation on which the underlying elements are raised to the level of the causer. Then it holds that different types of causers share the same constraints during this process. Although syntactically they expressed as entities, the causers are actually eventive in causative conceptual structurs. Based on the above analysis, this paper gives a new explanation on the so-called inverted causative structure, and discusses the base and process of metonymy in the special syntactic structure. Finally it points out that by using structural regulations, we can find the general types rather than tokens. And only when finding out the cognitive foundation of the syntactic structure can we illustrate clearly the conditions on which these tokens are realized and further the process of how the structural regulations are formed.