旱地不同栽培模式和施肥方法对小麦光合产物积累运转的影响

Effect of Different Cultivation Models and Fertilization Pattems on the Accumulation and Transportation of Photosynthate for Wheat in Rain-fed Land

以冬小麦品种小偃22为材料,研究了不同栽培模式和施肥方法对小麦光合能力、光合产物积累、运转和分配的影响。结果表明:单施氮肥或氮磷配合可显著增加小麦的叶面积系数、旗叶的净光合速率和叶绿素相对含量;单施磷肥对小麦光合产物的积累与分配没有明显的调节效应,而施用氮肥、采用垄沟和垄脊覆膜栽培后,延长了冬小麦顶三叶的功能期,提高了小麦花后光合物质的生产能力和花后同化产物对籽粒的贡献率;在垄沟栽培条件下,未覆膜处理的垄下施肥法较常规施肥能显著提高冬小麦的光合生产能力和花前物质调用能力;垄脊覆膜后,常规施肥能显著增加小麦花后物质积累并能获得较高产量。

Winter wheat Xiaoyan 22 was used in field experiment to investigate the effect of different cultivation models and fertilization patterns on photosynthetic characteristics and accumulation and transportation of photosynthate in different organs of wheat. The results showed that N fertilization or N and P fertilization could increase the leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate and relative chlorophyll content of wheat flag leaf significandy. Adopting ridge - furrow planting and ridge film mulching planting were beneficial to improve photosynthesis capacity and contribution rate of post -anthesis assimilation to grain, and they also could postpone the three top leaves senescence and prolong the leaves function stage of winter wheat. But, single P fertilization couldn＇t regulate the accumulation and distribution of photosynthate effectively. In addition, compared with conventional fertilization （broadcasting）, the method of banding application under ridge could increase the capacity of photosynthesis and dry matter accumulated pre - anthesis transfering to the seeds under ridge - furrow planting, but the conventional fertilization had a higher amount of post - anthesis assimilation and yield in the ridge and film mulching system.