美国现代都市警务运行模式及其启示——以洛杉矶市警察局为例

Policing Model in Modern American Cities and its Enlightenment—Taking Los Angeles Police Department as an Example

美国警察体制起源于英国,具有警察权力严格受法律制约、警务由地方管理、警务工作受社区影响等特点。美国警察机构复杂多样,同时存在着联邦警察、州警察、城市警察和县(郡)警察及特种警察、私人保安机构等不同层级。美国是个城市化的国家,因而造就了城市警察独特而又先进的管理体制、运行模式、组织结构、社区警务、指挥调度、教育训练及基层警务工作等。这对于我国的警务改革具有一定的借鉴作用。

Originating from Britain, police systems in US have the following features： police power is strictly restricted by law; police affairs are managed by local government; policing is influenced by community. Police systems in US are rather complicated including various levels of police organs such as federal police, state police, city police, county police, special police and private security guard. As a urbanized country, US has city police whose management, operation, structure, deployment, community policing, education and training are unique and advanced. The reform of policing in China can learn from the above mentioned features.