论优先权在我国民法典中的设计

On the Design of Priority in China's Civil Law System

优先权制度源于古罗马法,是私法上一项古老而陌生的“特权”制度。优先权制度体现了国家维护公共利益,推行社会政策,保护弱势群体生存利益的立法思想,反映了法律对实质平等、公平、正义等理念的不懈追求,同时也蕴涵着和谐的基本理念,体现了现代民法对人的终极关怀的价值取向,符合现代民法发展的趋势。在我国构建民法体系的过程中优先权制度应当占有一席之地。建议借鉴法国法模式,在民法典物权编中设专章统一进行规定,同时保留特别法对优先权的规定。

The system of priority derives from Roman law and is an ancient and strange privilege in private law system. The system of priority reflects the legislative concept of government＇s maintaining public benefit, introducing social policies and guaranteeing the benefits of the disadvantaged people. It also reflects the unflagging pursuit of law for real equality, fairness and justice and has the basic concept of harmony. The system of priority reflects the value orientation of civil law, that is, the ultimate concern for the masses and adapts to the development and trend of modern civil law. The system of priority shall take its place in the construction of civil law system in China.