论商业银行对营业场所客户的安全保障义务

Obligations of Commercial Banks to Safeguard Customers' Security in Business Venues

商业银行经营者在营业场所内对客户的人身财产权益负有合理限度内的安全保障义务。该义务属于法定义务范畴,主要包括硬件和软件两大方面。商业银行履行安全保障义务应限定在“合理限度”之内,空间上只限于商业银行的“营业场所”,时间上应限定在“全部营业时间”内,保护对象应该界定在与商业银行有较密切关系的“客户、潜在客户、其他进入营业场所的相关自然人”范围内。基于平衡社会利益的需要,商业银行违反安全保障义务应承担过错侵权责任,包括直接责任和补充责任两种形态。在第三人直接侵权、商业银行承担补充责任的情形中,应适用过错推定规则。

Operators of commercial banks are responsible, within a reasonable scope, for the security of customers＇ life and property in business venues. Such legal duty refers to security of both hardware and software. By ＂reasonable scope,＂ it is meant that commercial banks are duty-bound to safeguard the security of ＂customers, potential customers and other related natural persons at ＂ business venues＂ during ＂entire business hours.＂ For the purpose of balancing social interests, commercial banks are liable for any security default on their part, including direct liability and supplemental liability. When a bank holds supplemental liability for compensation under direct tort by a third-party, the regulation of presumed-fauh applies.