基于GIS和模糊评价法的重庆洪涝灾害风险区划

GIS and Hazy Evaluation Method Based on Hazard Evaluation for Flood Disaster——Taking Chongqing as an Exanple

由于特殊的地理位置、地形条件和夏季常见的天气系统,重庆地区洪涝灾害特别是暴雨洪涝频发.在分析重庆地区洪涝灾害气候背景和经济环境的基础上,从灾害发生的成灾环境、灾害发生的可能性、以及承灾体的易损性等三个方面选取了地貌、灾害频率、人口、社会经济的评价因子;应用模糊评价法建立了洪涝灾害孕灾背景、灾害危险性、承灾体易损性等数学模型;在使用有关基础图件和资料的基础上,运用MapInfo Professional软件,通过对属性数据库和图形数据库的操作得到洪涝灾害的孕灾背景、灾害危险性、承灾体易损性评价图层,再经过图层叠加、斑块合并以及等级划分等操作,最后得到洪涝灾害的风险评估及其区划.

Because of the special geographical position, landform and familiar weather system in summer, flood especially rain storm flood happens continually. Adequately analyzing weather background and population, society and economy in Chongqing, the authors have chozen these evaluation factors ： the physiognomy, the frequency of disasters occurring, the population, the economy from the background of disasters, the possibility of disasters and the vulnerability of stricken things. By using hazy evaluation method, this thesis constitutes mathematics model for the background of weather disasters, the possibility of disasters and the vulnerability of stricken things, and at the same time the evaluation is made. Based on the basic datum and maps, with the utilizing Maplnfo Professional software, in manipulating the attribute data-base and graphics data-base, the maps of the background of weather disasters, the maps of the possibility of disasters and the maps of the vulnerability of stricken things are gained. By overlaying and uniting of the maps and compartmentalizing the hazard grade, the hazard attributions for flood disaster are achieved.