心理治疗范式演进中的文化轨迹

Culture Trace in the Paradigm Changing of Psychotherapy

文章通过梳理DSM(美国《心理障碍诊断与统计手册》)的模式演变历史,揭示出文化在其中留下的烙印。由DSM-I的“注重疾病生物心理根源”到DSM-III的“注重生理根源”,直至DSM-IV开始“注重文化根源”,展现出了人们对心理障碍的认识越来越多地受到文化因素的影响,并且逐渐地从生物层面提升到了社会文化层面。相应地,心理障碍诊断和治疗不应该仅仅围绕疾病进行诊断和治疗,而应围绕患者的思想、社会背景和文化统一性来进行。

From the development of models of DSM, culture trace is revealed: start with “emphasis on etiology of disease” which DSM-I model maintains, to “emphasis on biological causes” which DSM-III model maintains, until DSM-IV begin to pay attention to “culture causes”. A clue comes to light that the focus of mental disorders has been moving from biological level to socio-cultural level. Correspondingly, the focus of psychotherapy has been moving from the disease to the client.