第一次鸦片战争时期中英双方火炮炮弹的比较研究

The Contrast between Chinese and British Cannons’ Shells during the First Opium War

此时期的中英双方火炮使用的主导炮弹都为球形实心铅铁弹。在以封建生产方式主导下的清王朝,火炮炮弹种类趋向单一,同时,由于受一些军事积弊的影响,存在着严重问题。从材质看,分石弹、生铁弹、铅弹、铜包铅弹、熟铁弹五种。从外形来看,分圆球形和长体形两种;从性能看,分实心和空心爆炸弹两种。工业革命已发生了60多年的英国,炮弹技术的关键之处已进行了一些改良,已大量地使用链弹、杠弹、霰弹、葡萄弹、榴霰弹、新式爆炸弹、燃烧弹和康格里夫火箭炮弹等。

During the First Opium War, the Qing army’s cannons’ shells had serious problem, because of the Industrial Revolution was not take place in China. The cannons’ shells had little variation and were given priority to solid shell. In material, it was classified into five groups: marble, pig iron, plumb, plumb with copper cover, and wrought iron. In shape, it was classified into two groups: round and spheroid. In performance, it was classified two groups: solid core and primeval bomb. Because of the Industrial Revolution taking place more than 60 years ago, key technology in British army’s cannons’ shells had been improved. British armies mostly made use of the round pig iron or wrought iron's shells. At that time it also used shells such as chain shot, bar shot, grapeshot, shrapnel, explosive shot, carcass shot, Congreve Rocket shot. As for the explosive shot’s proportion, at that time the British ships of the line imbarked 60% round shot's canons and 40% explosive shot's cannons.