从“人”的文学到人的“文学”——论周作人的“人的文学”观

From Literature of HUMAN to LITERATURE of Human——An Essay on ZHOU Zuo-ren′s View of ″Literature of Human″

“人的文学”是公认的中国新文学运动的两大中心理论之一,周作人是该理论的代表人物之一。周作人从达尔文进化论出发,将“人”定义为“从动物中进化而来的”,人性等于“神性+兽性”;他的人道主义就是代表“神性”的博爱型人道主义与出于“兽性”的个人主义的结合,人道主义文学是“人”的文学”。由于对自由主义的坚定信念并加以对尼采学说的扬弃,周作人坚持自由与宽容;随着他更多的返回传统和对古希腊、日本人对自然与美的热爱之情的向往,周作人倡导生活艺术化,其文学观也随之更突出人的“文学”。周作人的“人的文学”观是身兼启蒙者与文学家的周作人在特定时空里融合启蒙主义和审美主义的文学观。

Literature of human was one of the two central theories in the campaign of the New Literature in China. ZHOU Zuo - ren advocated the theory and was one of the represents. The passage will tell his Literature view from four aspects. First, the humanitarian component of that was started from Darwin＇s theory of evolution, ＂Human＂ was definited ＂evoluting from Animal＂ by ZHOU Zuo - ren;and he believed humanism composed of Godism and Animalism. Second, ZHOU Zuo - ren sent out his humanitarian was formed through merging humanitarianism in the way of universal fraternity with individualism; the former was coming from Godship and the later was coming from beastliness. Third, Mr. ZHOU adhered to freedom and toleration firmly, for he was a liberalist,at the same time, sublating the theory of Nietzsche. Fourth, adding more of the return to the tradition, and the nourishing by Greek and Japanese love of natural beauty, ZHOU Zuo - ren advocated ＂art in life＂, so, his view of literature was more emphased the LITERATURE of human. ZHOU Zuo - ren＇s ＂literature of human＂was a theory that one who was both an enlightener and a writer conformed to the demand by the specific time in history and the specific country.