长沙市儿童烧伤的流行病学特征与分析

Analysis of epidemiological features of pediatric burn in Changsha

目的:探讨长沙市儿童烧伤的流行病学特征,为制定有效烧伤预防措施提供依据。方法:采用分层随机整群抽样法。对2005年3月至2006年3月间长沙市3所医院烧伤门诊初诊患儿进行烧伤情况调查。结果:1～7岁男孩多于女孩,0～1岁和7岁及以上男女比例相近。热液烫伤是各年龄段儿童主要致伤原因。47．5％的烧伤发生在厨房,24．7％在客厅,68．3％的火焰烧伤、60．0％的电烧伤发生在户外。9时～12时、15时～18时为烧伤发生高峰期。冬夏季烧伤分别占32．1％和30．8％。78．4％的烧伤发生时有成人在旁,41.5％的火焰烧伤、100％电烧伤发生时无成人在旁。结论:男孩是危险因素,随着年龄增加男女差异减少。幼儿期和学龄前期是小儿烧伤高发期,应引起家长及抚教人员的重视。热液烫伤对儿童生活构成的威胁较其他类型烧伤大,应成为防治重点。家庭是烧伤发生主要场所,客厅环境复杂容易发生意外。

Objective： To explore the epidemiologieal features of pediatric burn in Changsha and to provide basis for proposing preventive measures. Method： Stratified random duster sampling method was used in this study. Investigation was done among children below 14. Result： Among the bum children aged from 1 to 7, boys was more than girls. Among those aged 0 and above 7, the number of boys and girls was almost the same. Hot liquid scald was the main cause of injury. 47. 5% of the scald happened in the kitchen and 24. 7% in the living room. 68. 3% of flame burn and 60. 0% of electric bum happened outdoors. The peak time of bum occurred at 9 to 12 o＇clock and 15 to 18 o＇clock. In summer, bum incidence was 30. 8% and in winter 32. 1%. 78. 4% of pediatric bum happened when adults were present. 41.5 % of flame hum and 100% of electric bum happened when adults were absent. Condusion： Males are of higher risk than females, but with increasing age, the risk difference between males and females decreases gradually. Children of the age 1 to 7 are at the high risk. Thermos bottle is the main source of injury. Most bum accidents happened indoors, especially in living room. All these features stated above should attract attention of the parents in taking care of their children.