高粱不同分类组杂种优势和配合力的研究

Study on Heterosis and Combining Ability of Diverse Classified Groups in Sorghum

以３份高粱不育系和２４份恢复系组配的７２个杂交种及其亲本为试材，研究了不同高粱分类组的杂种优势和配合力。结果表明，７种性状的总平均优势为１２１．５％。株高和穗长正优势占９８．６％和９７．１％，产量和产量组分在５２．８％～８１．９％之间，出苗至５０％开花日数负优势占８７．５％。不同分类组小区产量、穗粒重和穗粒数的杂种优势差异较大，除穗粒数外，顶尖族组和混合族组的平均超高亲优势水平和次数都高于都拉族组。顶尖族组的ＳＣ７２６１４和ＳＣ５４１４，都拉族组的Ｓ２１０１４和混合族组的ＳＣ３７０１４和Ｓ１１０１４Ｅ的产量及其多数产量组分具一般配合力正效应，并达到显著或极显著平准。在１０个最高产杂交种中，父本是顶尖族的６个，属顶尖工艺群；父本是混合族组的４个，分属惹拉—惹拉、顶尖—考拉和浅黑—菲特瑞塔工艺群。因此，从顶尖族和混合族组里选择亲本更易获得强优势杂交种。

The heterosis and combining ability of diverse classified groups in sorghum sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench were studied by using 3 male sterile lines and 24 restorer lines and combining 72 hybrids as test materials. The results indicated that total average heterosis of seven characters was 121.5%. Thepositive heterosis of plant height and panicle length made up 98.6% and 97.1% , respectively; positive heterosis of grain yield and its components were 52.8%～81.9%, and negative heterosis of days to 50% anthesis accounted for 87.5%. The overhigh parent heterosis of plot yield, grain weight and number per panicle in diverse classified groups quite differentiated. Heterosis level and freguency of over high parent of Caudatum and Mixed were higher than Durra exeept grain number per panicle. Grain yield and its most components of SC726 14 and SC54 14 in Caudatum, SC210 14 in Durra and SC370 14 and SC110 14E in Mixed had significant and very significant effect of GCA. There were 6 male parents in Caudatum which belonged to Caudatum work group, and 4 male parents in Mixed which belonged to Zera Zera, Caudatum Kaura and Nigricans Feterita work group, respectively in 10 highest yielding hybrids. Therefore the hybrids having high heterosis may be obtained easily if the parents were selected from Caudatum and Mixed.