中苏同盟形成与破裂过程中的美国因素

The American Roles during the Rise and Fall of the Sino-Soviet Alliance

从影响中苏同盟形成与破裂的诸多外部因素来看,美国扮演着共同威胁者、楔子驱动者以及平衡实施者的角色。但是,在中苏同盟形成初期,中苏双方并不认为来自美国的威胁是一种迫在眉睫的重大威胁,只是到朝鲜战争之后,相互之间的敌意形象才正式得以确立。美国的“楔子战略”对中苏同盟的瓦解有一定的消极影响,但从根本上看,是中苏之间关于对美观念与政策的分歧才导致矛盾的产生。中苏同盟瓦解后,随着中美之间的相互接近,中美之间并没有形成一种心照不宣的盟友关系,美国只是在中苏之间保持平衡并寻求有利于自身的战略态势。

Generally speaking, there were three main roles to be played by the United States during the rise and fall of the Sino-Soviet alliance： common threat, wedge driver, and balance keeper. As to the common threat, the threat from the U. S. was exaggerated. Neither China nor USSR had regarded the U. S. as a direct and imminent threat before the formation of the Sino- Soviet alliance. As a wedge driver, America＇s role was very limited. The collapse of the Sino- Soviet alliance was not consistent with the American government＇s wedge strategy. It was China＇s and USSR＇s different ideas and policies towards the U. S. that caused the collapse of their alliance. As a balance keeper, Nixon Administration simultaneously improved relations with both China and USSR. The so - called ＂China card＂ and ＂tacit ally＂ was exaggerated.