宁波市流行性乙型脑炎的发病趋势及防治策略

Analysis of prevalent trend of Japanese encephalitis B in Ningbo City and control measures

目的分析宁波市流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）的流行趋势,为乙脑预防控制策略提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对1986-2006年宁波市疫情资料和乙脑法定传染病报告系统资料进行分析。结果1986-2006年共报告875例乙脑病例,死亡45例,年平均发病率为0.75/10万,年平均死亡率0.04/10万,年平均病死率为5.14%,发病总体呈下降趋势,近年来有所回升。发病主要集中在慈溪市、象山县和宁海县;发病主要以10岁以下散居儿童为主,占80.11%（701/875）,男性多于女性,男女比例为1.65：1;2005-2006年流动儿童发病63例,占同期总病例数的92.65%（63/68）;乙脑发病时间在5-10月份,高峰期在7-8月份。结论乙脑发病总体呈下降趋势,表明乙脑预防控制取得了显著成效;目前乙脑预防控制策略仍应采取免疫接种、健康教育及媒介控制等综合性措施。

Objective To analyse the epidemic situation of Japanese B encephalitis in Ningbo during 1986- 2006 and provide the scientific basis for controlling the disease in the future. Methods Descriptive epidemiological study was applied to analyse the data of routine annual report of Japanese B encephalitis during 1986-2006 in Ningbo City. Results Total 875 cases were reported with 45 deaths. The annual average incidence, mortality and fatality rate were 0.75/ 100 000, 0. 04/100 000 and 5.14%, respectively. The Japanese B encephalitis cases were mainly reported in the districts including Cixi, Xiangshan and Ninghai. 80. 11% of the reported Japanese B encephalitis cases were children under 10 years old. The ratio of male to female was 1.65：1. Season distribution was from May to October and high peak period was from July to August. Conclusion The results reveal that the reported incidence of Japanese B encephalitis has decreased suggesting that great success has been obtained incontrol of Japanese B encephalitis. At presnet integrated measures, such as health education, vaecinaiton and vector control be taken to reduce the incidence of Japanese B encephalitis.