康德通向自由的两条道路——海德格尔1930年弗莱堡讲座分析

Kant's Two Ways to Freedom——Analysis of Heidegger's Freiburg Lecture(1930)

海德格尔在1930年弗莱堡讲座中通过对康德通向自由的两条道路的解释,具体阐述了人的自由的本质是道德自律、纯粹意志,也就是自我负责。康德通向自由的第一条道路是在《纯粹理性批判》中提出并实现的,对应着自然的因果性,揭示了自由的可能性;第二条道路是在《实践理性批判》以及《道德形而上学基础》中提出并完成的,对应着自由的因果性,证明了自由的现实性。

Through the interpretation of Kant＇s two ways to Freedom, Heidegger elucidates that the essence of human freedom is moral discipline, pure will, as well as self-responsibility. Kant＇s first way to freedom reveals the possibility of freedom i.e. transcendental freedom, corresponding to the causality of nature; the second way to freedom proves actuality of freedom i.e. practical freedom, corresponding to the causality of freedom.