班固之“实录”论

The Theory of Ban Gu on "True Record "

班固撰《汉书》,为司马迁立了专传《司马迁传》,评司马迁《史记》为“实录”,这为“实录”论立了丰碑。此论包含事、文、义三方面的准则要求:一是“事核”、“事理”,即要求记事真实,善序事理;二是“文直”,“辨而不华,质而不俚”,即传人记事,要求文质相称;三是“不虚美,不隐恶”,即要求传人记事必须达义,美恶如实,不虚不隐,公示于世。班固之“实录”论,承上启下,不只是评司马迁《史记》,还有确立中国史学本体理论的重要的历史意义。

Han History （Hanshu） that is written by Ban Gu covers a special biography of Sima Qian. The literature appraises Sima Qian＇s Historical Records （Shi Ji） as a ＂ true record ＂, which establishes an everlasting monument for the theory of ＂true record＂ . This theory has three standards for affairs, literature and logic. The first is reason or logic, that is, true record and clear narration; the second is justice, which requires the literature accord with truth in recording person or event, prudential but not extravagant, unaffected but not vulgar; The third requires to express beauty and evil authentically, that is, not exaggerating beauty and not concealing evil, all should be open to the world. The ＂true record＂ theory of Ban Gu serves as a link between past and future, which is not only a commentary on Sima Qian ＂Historical Records＇, but has an important significance in establishing philosophy ontology of China.