日本市场经济的演进:从幕藩到明治维新

The Development of Japanese Market Economy:From the Shogumate Clan System to the Meiji Restoration

日本的封建社会是以一定的商品和市场经济的发展为起点的,“幕藩体制”所特有的中央集权与地方分权兼容的二元结构体制和等级制度为封建时代市场经济的发展准备了前提条件。在“幕藩体制”下,人口、耕地和生产力的发展从供给和需求两个方面刺激了商品经济的发展,并促成新兴专业化商人的出现。随着市场经济的发展和扩散,新兴专业化商人逐渐向土地经营者和手工业经营者转化,在此过程中,传统的自然经济逐步被市场经济渗透并瓦解;同时,“幕府”和各“藩国”则由于陷入严重的财政危机而分别制定、推行了一系列有利于市场经济发展的制度和政策。“幕藩体制”所发生的结构和制度上的变迁为明治维新后的市场经济发展奠定了基础。

In Japan, ＂the Shogumate Clan System＂ had its peculiar system, that is, it had toth centralizteion of authority and decentralization at the same time, which gave an essential prerequisite for the market economy, under＂ the Shogunate Clan System＂, the development of the population, cultivation and productive forces stimulated the development of commodity economy from the aspects of supply and demand; Besides, it also helped to bring about the appearance of new specialized businessmen. With the transformation from new specialized businessmen to land holders and handicaftsmen, the natural economy was gradually filtrated by the nardet economy and at the same time, took on a tendency to disintegration. Owing to financial crisis, ＂Shogunate＂ and ＂Clan＂ formulated and carried a series of regulations and policies that is advantageous to market economy. The development of market economy under ＂the Shogunate Clan System＂ laid a foundation to the development of modem Japanese market economy.