关于由中古向现代过渡时期若干理论问题的探讨

A Probe into on Some Theory Problem in the Interim from the Medieval Times to the Modern Times

由中古向现代过渡时期是一个漫长的现代化过程,主要是解决经济和社会转型问题。中古时期以自然经济为主导的农业社会转变为以市场为主导的商品经济社会,矛盾错综复杂,困难很多。人们需要认识工场手工业在经济和社会转型中的桥梁作用。每个社会形态都是一个“多维结构”,它包括技术形态、经济形态、政治形态和文化形态在内。这些形态在社会中的作用是有主有次、相互联系的。社会技术形态体现生产力的发展水平,社会经济形态体现生产力和生产关系的矛盾运动,牵涉到生产效率和分配公平问题。劳动和资产是生产的两个基本要素,对于生产的发展有着重要的作用。人在历史发展中的主体作用在生产、交往和文化中的具体体现,应该给予充分重视。

The Interim from the medieval times to the modem times was a far- flung modernization process. It mainly solved the problem of the economy and society transformation. The change from the agricultural society which the nature economy was dominant to the commodity economy society which the market was leading had the anfractuous contradiction and many difficulty. We need understand that workshop handcraft had the bridging function during the economy and society transformation. Every society form was a multidimensional structure. It consisted of technology form, economy form, politics form and culture form. These forms made the primary or secondary but interactional effect. The social technology form incarnated the development level of productivity. The social economy form embodied the contradiction movement of the productivity and the production relation. It also involved the problem of production efficiency and distribution impartiality. The labour and capital are two basic element of production and play the important role in the production development. We should fully pay attention to the role of subject of human being and its concrete embodiment in the production ,intercourse and culture.