两周金文“及”字用法试论

An Initial Study of the Usage of "及" In Bronze inscription of Zhou Dynasties

“及”是古汉语中一个重要的兼类词,它兼有动词、介词、连词三种词性,探讨其词义演变规律对了解汉语实词虚化问题具有一定的参考作用,而探明其早期应用情况尤其如此。两周金文所代表的正是古代汉语早期的情况,其中“及”字的应用很具代表性:一是其三种词性并现,二是在出现时间上表现出较为明显的层次性。

The word ＂及＂ is an important multi - category word in classical Chinese, which can be used as a verb, preposition and conjunction word. Thus it became very referential and instructive in the understanding of the process of change from the notional words to the functional words in the development of Classical Chinese by studying the pattern of the development of the meaning of this word ＂及＂, especially the early usages of it. Since the situation of the words in Bronze inscription of Zhou Dynasties represented the linguistic pattern in early stages of Classical Chinese, the word ＂及＂ is therefore very representative： on the one hand, the coexisting of the three functions; on the other hand, the comparatively obvious frequency of its appearing.