锌冶炼厂周围重金属在土壤-蔬菜系统中的迁移特征

Transfer Characteristics of Mercury,Lead,Cadmium,Zinc and Cuprum from Soil to Vegetable Around Zinc Smelting Plant

采用对应采样方法研究了葫芦岛锌冶炼厂周围土壤、蔬菜中Hg、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu的含量及其在土壤-蔬菜中的传递,分析了土壤、蔬菜中重金属的来源.结果发现锌厂周围土壤、蔬菜受到重金属的严重污染.蔬菜可食用部分Hg、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu的含量(以鲜重计)最高可分别达到0.013、5.476、2.8524、1.16和1.515 mg/kg.通过转移因子的比较分析,锌厂周围重金属在土壤-蔬菜中的转移能力为Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb>Hg,重金属从土壤向蔬菜叶片中的转移能力高于蔬菜的其它器官.土壤中重金属主要来源于锌厂周围的大气.蔬菜叶片中的Pb可能部分来源于大气,而汞则主要来源于大气.

The transfer characteristics of Hg, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu from soil to vegetables near zinc smelting plant in Huludao City, China were investigated, and the sources of heavy metals in the soil and vegetable were also analyzed. The results indicate that the Hg, Ph, Cd, Zn and Cu contents of vegetables are 0.013,5.476,2.85：2,41.16 and 1.515 mg/kg（fresh weight）, respectively, and the environment around Huludao Zinc Plant are contaminated seriously. The transfer factors （TF） of heavy metals decrease in the order of Cd 〉 Zn 〉 Cu 〉 Pb 〉 Hg. The transfer factors of heavy metals from soll to leaves are higher than from soil to other tissues. The heavy metals in soil derive from atmosphere, and the parts of Pb in the leaves of vegetable derive from atmosphere. Uptake of gaseous mercury is the predominant pathway by which mercury accumulates in the vegetable.