镉超富集植物球果蔊菜对镉-砷复合污染的反应及其吸收积累特征

Growth Responses of Rorippa globosa and Its Accumulation Characteristics of Cd and As under the Cd-As Combined Pollution

采用室外盆栽模拟方法,比较和分析了镉(Cd)-砷(As)复合污染处理对球果蔊菜(Rorippa globosa,十字花科焊菜属,1种从农田杂草中新发现的镉超富集植物)的生长及其对Cd、As吸收和积累特征的影响.结果表明,在低浓度Cd-As复合污染条件下,由于Cd、As的拮抗作用,从而促进植物的生长发育,同时也促进地上部对Cd的吸收和积累.在Cd-As复合污染处理浓度为10 mg/kg和50 mg/kg时,株高和地上部干重达到最大(分别为35.9 cm和2.2 g/盆),叶片中Cd积累量高于同浓度单一Cd处理.Cd-As复合污染高浓度处理表现出对球果蔊菜生长以及Cd的吸收和积累有协同的抑制作用.同时,球果蔊菜根部对As的吸收能力大于其地上部,相应的富集系数≤0.3,转移系数≤0.6,说明球果蔊菜对As有一定的排斥作用.这些结果表明,球果蔊菜有很强的忍耐Cd-As复合污染的能力,对修复Cd-As复合污染土壤具有一定的潜力.

Rorippa globosa has been identified as a new Cd-hyperaccumulating plant species. In the present study, growth responses of Rorippa globosa and its accumulation characteristics of Cd and As were examined under the condition of Cd-As combined pollution. The results showed that Cd and As had an antagonistic effect on enhancing the growth of the plants and Cd uptake and accumulation under the low concentration Cd and As treatments. When Cd and As concentrations were 10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, the highest height of the plants and the dry weight of shoots were up to 35.9 cm and 2.2 g/pot, respectively; and the accumulation of Cd in the leaves under the combined pollution was higher than that at the same level under single Cd pollution. However, there were synergic adverse effects on plant growth and Cd uptake under the high concentration Cd and As combined pollution. Meanwhile the accumulation of As in the roots was higher than that in the shoots, the translocation factor ≤0.3 and the bioaccumulation factor ≤ 0.6, which showed that Rorippa globosa had an excluding effect on As uptake. These results confirmed that Rorippa globosa had the strong tolerance ability to the Cd-As combined pollution, and the potential applied to phytoremediation of contaminated soil by Cd and As.