作物苗期营养与化肥施用

Crop Nutrition at Seedling Stage and Fertilizer Application

长期以来化肥的不均衡过量施用和不合理施用,不仅未能发挥肥料应有的增产作用,而且造成了资源的大量损失和农产品和农业环境的污染。主要表现在一般区域盲目追求投入,施用量过大;低投入区域施用量不足;普遍注重追肥,氮素营养滞后。通过作物需肥规律及营养特性的例析,揭示了作物营养特别是苗期氮素营养的重要特性,经过多年多作物的示范印证,提出了作物苗期是需肥关键期,而不应该用拔节、抽穗养分临界与大量需肥期指导施肥的观点,并就科学施肥提出了相关建议。

For a long time, non - balanced excessive and non - rafioual fertilization not only fail to play any role to improve crop yield hut also bring great loss and contamiuation to agriproducts and agri - environment. The problems are input - worship blindly in some area; too high application rates; insufficient input in some low- input area; widespread unduly emphasize top dressing and delaying nitrogen. Present paper reveals tho inportance of plant nutrition, especially nitrogen nutrition at seedling stage through plant nutrition requirement law and some cases analysis for nutritional characters. The paper pointed out that plant at seedling stage is key stage for plant nutrition requirement, but not to guide fertilization by nutrition critical point at stem pushing or head sprouting stages, or heavy dressing stage, In addition, Suggestion about scientific fertilization were put forward.