小麦遗传转化受体系统建立的研究

The Establishment of Acceptor System for Wheat Genetic Transformation

选用‘小偃22’和‘宁春16’小麦品种的成熟胚和幼胚进行培养,研究不同种类的胚和培养因子对愈伤组织诱导和分化的影响。结果表明,幼胚和成熟胚的愈伤组织诱导率无明显差异,但较高浓度的2,4-D有利于成熟胚的诱导,而幼胚培养时2,4-D浓度的影响效果因品种而异;两种外植体分化率的高低与KT/IAA的配比均有密切关系,但高浓度的激素水平不利于成熟胚的分化;诱导培养基中低浓度的2,4-D有利于所诱导的愈伤组织的分化。同时,在诱导培养基中添加低浓度的KT能显著提高两品种成熟胚愈伤组织的分化率;各种培养基处理与品种间都存在显著的互作效应,‘小偃22’成熟胚培养的最佳培养基组合为MSD+3.0 mg/L 2,4-D和MSD+0.5 mg/LIAA+1.0 mg/L KT,幼胚培养为MSD+4.0 mg/L 2,4-D和MSD+0.5 mg/L IAA+1.0 mg/L KT;‘宁春16’成熟胚培养为MSD+4.0 mg/L 2,4-D和MSD+1.0 mg/L IAA+1.0 mg/L KT,幼胚培养时为MSD+1.0 mg/L 2,4-D和MSD+2.0 mg/L IAA+2.0 mg/L KT。

The mature embryos and the immature embryos chosen from wheat cultivars, ＇Xiaoyan 227 and ＇Ningchun 167 ,were cultured to study the effect of different kind of embryos and various factors on callus induction and differentiation. The results showed that there were no difference in callus induction between two kinds of explant. High concentration of 2,4-D was effective on the mature embryos7 induction. Both callus differentiation rates of two kinds of explant were closely related to the concentration proportion of KT/IAA and high concentration of hormones were not good for the differentiation of mature embryos. Differentiation rate of callus induced on the media with low concentration of 2,4-D was higher than that from the media with high concentration. Meanwhile,adding KT to induction media could effectively promote the callus differentiation of mature embryos. There were obvious interactions between each kind of media and cultivar so that the best group of media for the culture of ＇Xiaoyan 227 mature embryos was MSD＋3.0 mg/L 2,4-D and MSD＋0.5 mg/L IAA＋I. 0 mg/L KT and for immature embryos was MSD＋4.0mg/L 2,4-D and MSD＋0.5 mg/L IAA＋1. 0 mg/L KT. With ＇Ningchunl67,MSD＋4. 0 mg/L 2,4-D and MSD ＋1.0 mg/L IAA＋1. 0 mg/L KT and MSD＋1. 0 mg/L 2,4-D and MSD＋2.0 mg/L IAA＋2.0 mg/L KT were the best group respectively for mature embryos and for immature.