安徽省兽类物种多样性及其分布格局

Distribution patterns and species diversity of mammals in Anhui Province

搜集整理安徽省兽类物种分布数据,结合调查数据,通过生境分析,确定兽类物种分布范围。基于GIS技术,以面积约为404.685km2的425个栅格收集安徽省兽类的二元分布数据,采用多元分析的分层聚类方法,依据地理单元中物种组成和分布型组成的相似程度进行分析,对安徽兽类物种多样性及其分布格局和相关的动物地理学问题进行了探讨。结果表明,山区兽类物种丰富度显著高于平原丘陵区,其中,皖南山区兽类物种丰富度总体高于皖西大别山区,东部的江淮丘陵区略高于皖北的淮北平原。依物种组成进行的聚类分析结果表明,当相似性系数分别为0.647、0.570、0.461和0.399时,将425个地理单元聚为9、5、3和2个单元组,分析结果表明兽类分布受地形因素和人为活动的影响较自然地理亚区的界限影响明显。依分布型组成进行聚类分析时,当卡方距离为1.561、1.759、2.521和3.509时,分别聚为9、5、3和2组,分析结果表明分布单元以长江为界分为两组,以古北型物种为主的长江以北地区和以东洋型物种为主的长江以南地区。对9个分布单元组中的古北型和东洋型物种优势度分析结果表明:古北界和东洋界宏观上的界线大致以长江为界,呈现广阔的过渡区。过渡区的北界沿大别山北麓,经六安、舒城、合肥、定远以至来安一线,南界西起东至县北部、经贵池、青阳、南陵、沿宣城北部至广德一线。

Geographical distribution patterns of mammal species in Anhui Province were studied using cluster analysis in this paper. 425 equal-area quadrangle grids that each had an area of 404. 685 km^2 were used as geographical units to collect the distribution data, and based on species range and range types of mammals, all geographical units were designated into groups by hierarchical cluster analysis according to Jaccard similarity and Chi-square. The results of species richness patterns showed that there was higher species richness of mammals in the mountainous regions than plain regions, that is species richness in the mountainous region of southern Anhui was higher than in Dabieshan, western Anhui, and species richness in the hilly region between Yangtze River and Huaihe River is higher than the plain region of northern Huaihe River. Cluster analysis of distribution units by species showed that the 425 units could be designated into 9, 5, 3 and 2 groups, where Jaccard similarity was 0. 647, 0. 570, 0. 461 and 0. 399. The result indicated the distribution of mammal species were relative to human activities and landform. Cluster analysis of distribution units by range types showed that the 425 units could be designated into 9, 5,3 and 2 groups, when Chi-square was 1. 561, 1. 759, 2. 521 and 3. 509. In order to study the boundary between the Palearctic and Indomalayan （ or Oriental） Regions in Anhui, we sorted all mammals species into 4 range types according to their ranges and origin. These range types were identified as ： （ 1 ） Palearctic （ species with ranges or major ranges in Palearctic） , （2） Indomalayan （ species with ranges or major ranges in Indomalayan） , （3） Southeast-Asian （ species with ranges extending to both sides of the boundary between the Palearctic and Indomalayan regions and that only in Southeast China, Korea, and Japan） , and （4） Widely Distributed （ species with wild ranges both in Palearetie and Indomalayan）. All species of the 4 range types were analyzed into 9 groups. The approximate fauna boundary could be drawn along Yangtze River, and there was an evident transitional zone, with the northern border along the northern slope of Dabieshan Mountain - Lu＇ an City - Shucheng County - Hefei City - Dingyuan County - Lai＇ an County, and southern border along the north of Dongzhi County - Guichi City - Qingyang County - Nanling County - the northern of Xuanzhou City - Guangde County.