E.C.Bain在X射线金相学方面的重要贡献

E.C.BAIN'S IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION TO X-RAY METALLOGRAPHY

E.C.Bair在1921－1927年间将X射线粉晶法引入金相学研究，首先发现AuCu3及Au3Cu超点阵结构、Fe－Mn的奥氏体面心立方结构、高速钢中的Fe3W3C（M6C）碳化物以及铭键不锈钢中的Sigma相他还对奥氏体的转变进行了深入的研究．提出奥氏体／马氏体相变的晶体学关系（Bain关系），发展出用X射线测定残留奥氏作的方法，终于在1930年开创奥氏作恒温转变的研究，在中温转变得出的以他的性命名的贝氏体可以认为。

During 1921-1927, E.C.Bain made many important contributions to metallography by means of X-ray powder diffraction studies. He discovered the AuCu3 and Au3Cu superlattices, the face-centered structure of the Fe-Mn austenite, the Fe3W3C (or M6C) carbide in high-speed steels, and the Sigma phase in Cr-Ni stainless steels. Through a comprehensive study of the transformation of austenite, he proposed a crystallographic relationship (the Bain relationship) between austenite and martensite and developed the method to determine the amount of retained austenite by X-ray diffraction. This finally led him to study the isothermal transformation of austenite in 1930 and obtained a new transformation product at intermediate temperatures which was named Bainite after him. No doubt he was one of the pioneers in the development of X-ray metallography.