中世纪大学产生的历史因素分析

Analysis of the Historical Factors of the Universities' Appearance in Middle Ages

中世纪大学是现代大学产生和发展的基础,考察其产生的因素可以让我们了解在中世纪广阔的历史背景下它的成长历程。中世纪大学的产生不仅得益于具有世俗化倾向的希腊哲学与科学的逐渐重现,而且与城市的兴起有着重要关系。城市的兴起使得市民阶级对世俗知识需求增大,同时由城市兴起而产生的行会制度为教师法团的形成提供了蓝本。在教权与王权斗争的缝隙间中世纪大学获得了发展的良好机会。

The universities in Middle Ages paved the way for the appearance and development of modern universities. Study on the emerging factors of them is helpful for the understanding of its developing course in the historical background of Middle Ages. The appearance of Medieval universities profited not only from the gradual recurrence of Grecian philosophy and science prone to secularization, but also from the city＇ s rising, which increased townspeople＇s demands for secular knowledge and urged to form the guild system. The system offered the original version of teachers＇ leagues. It is the duel gap between magisterium and kingship that afforded the universities in Middle Ages good chances to develop themselves.