桥梁船撞风险评估系统总体研究

Risk assessment system for bridges against vessel impacts

从桥梁工程船撞设计的角度出发,提出了一个桥梁船撞风险评估系统的总体框架,共包括五部分内容:船桥碰撞评估数据库、桥梁船撞安全评估模块、可接受风险准则、主动防撞方案设计和被动防撞方案设计,并阐明了各组成部分之间的逻辑关系。同时对各部分中需要解决的关键问题进行了阐述,主要包括:用于桥梁船撞风险分析的合理船舶分类标准的定制;针对风险事件引入概率设计的思想,研究船撞力荷载与结构抗力的分布函数,提出了利用可靠度对桥梁船撞安全状态进行评估的思路和方法;桥梁船撞可接受风险标准的确定;处于不同风险水平下的桥梁的合理防撞方案的选择与优化设计等。

For the purpose of bridge design against vessel impacts, a framework of risk assessment system is proposed. The proposed system consists of five sub-systems： data base for vessel-bridge collision assessment, bridge safety assessment module, risk acceptance criteria, active collision-prevention scheme design and passive structure-protection scheme design. The logical relationships between these sub-systems are expounded. The key issues in each of the sub- systems are explained, mainly including： the rational classification criterion of vessels used for risk analysis, the concept of probabilistic design against risk event, and the reliability method used for bridge safety assessment in the presence of studying probabilistic models of vessel impact force and structure resistance, the determination of risk acceptance criteria, the selection and optimum design of rational collision-prevention scheme or structure-protection scheme under various risk levels.