《利玛窦中国札记》所记的明末对外汉语教学状况

On Chinese as a Foreign Language in last Ming Dynasty

明朝末年,西方耶稣会士学习汉语,是对外汉语教学的早期形态。《利马窦中园札记》中记载了传教士的汉语学习状况。本文穷尽性地搜集了本书中的有关记载。传教士学习汉语的动机是为了传教的需要,所以主动性很强。汉语教师严重缺乏。教会专门建立了学校,其学习汉语的方法主要是靠阅读古代典籍,但是,他们也自己动手编辑了汉语词汇、音韵资料,这也推动了汉语研究。传教士们选择学习官话而不是方言,书面语而不是口语。传教士们学习汉语的效果都很好,他们的汉语已经达到了可以著述立说的程度。

That the westerners studied Chinese in Late Ming Dynasty is the important part of popularizing of Chinese. There are many records of early westerners studied Chinese experience in Matteo Ricci and Niclas Trigauh ＇ s China in the Sixteen Century： The Journals of Matthew Ricci： 1583 - 1610. The westerners studied Chinese in order to spread the Christianity. They had set up school but the Chinese teacher was very few. They studied Chinese by reading ancient books and compiling Chinese glossary and sound chart. They selected mandarin but not dialects, writing Chinese but not oral Chinese.