炼油厂水包油型乳状液破乳研究

DEMULSIFICATION RESEARCH OF OIL/WATER EMULSION IN REFINERY

针对我国原油在加工过程中产生的水包油型乳状液进行了破乳研究。讨论了此类乳状液的形成主要是由于分散相油滴表面带负电荷，形成Ｓｔｅｒｎ层，油滴相互排斥，形成了稳定的乳状液。进行了破乳剂的评选，评选出ＨＳＧ系列中阳离子破乳剂对此类乳状液有好的破乳效果。讨论了阳离子破乳剂的组成对破乳效果的影响，ＨＳＧ、ＨＳ系列阳离子破乳剂中，分子含氮原子数量多，所带的正电荷多，电中和能力强，破乳效果好。进行了破乳机理的探讨。

Demulsification research was studied about the oil/water emulsion in crude oil processing Because of negative electric charges on the surface of oil drops in the dispersing phase, the stern layers were formed and hence, oil drops repelled one another, which resulted in the formation of a stable emulsion Various kinds of demulsifiers were evaluated, and cationic demulsifiers in HSG series proved to be more efficient for the demulsification of this oil/water emulsion Meanwhile, the effects of the composition of cationic demulsifiers on demulsification were investigated Within the molecules of cationic demulsifiers of HSG and HS series, more positive electric charges carried by more groups involving nitrogen atoms enhanced their ability of electric neutralization so their demulsification ability is more satisfactory The demulsifing mechanism of these demulsifiers was also discussed briefly