超临界流体萃取分馏法分离石油重质油

A NEW FRACTIONATING METHOD FOR HEAVY OIL OF PETROLEUM BY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION AND FRACTIONATION

石油渣油的分离和评价，对重质油加工技术水平的提高具有重要的指导作用。根据超临界流体萃取的基本原理，开发了一种以Ｃ３、Ｃ４、ｎ－Ｃ５或它们的混合物为溶剂的超临界流体萃取分馏方法和仪器，采取恒定温差线性升压的操作模式将石油重质油按性质的差异分离成窄馏分进行深入的研究，从而为石油重质油的合理有效地加工利用提供基础数据和信息。着重介绍该分离方法的原理、仪器、分离条件的研究及其在重质油分离中的应用。本方法可以作为建立石油渣油评价方法的基础。

A supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation (SFEF) unit and its application in the separation of heavy oil from petroleum have been presented. This article emphasizes on the mean idea, development and operating parameters of SFEF method. Using lower alkane include propane,butane,pentane and the mixtures thereof as solvent and by means of increasing the operation pressure linearly with a fixed temperature distribution , the heavy oils from petroleum were separated into 10 15 narrow fractions For the characterization of these narrow fractions , various physicochemical properties , such as density , molecular weight , chemical composition ,etc were determined With this information one can recognize and evaluate the heavy oil This is important for basic research and commercial design of heavy oil processing The experiment shows that this SFEF method is suitable for separation of high boiling point materials derived from petroleum , especially the heavy residue and has the advantage over the conventional separating methods in the enlargement of number of fractions and amount of each fraction obtained The development and application of SFEF unit may open a new route to heavy oil research