武汉市武昌城区学生近视状况及影响因素分析

Analysis on myopia influence factors of students in Wuchang district of Wuhan city

目的通过对武汉市武昌区中学和大学学生视力状况调查,分析学生近视的影响因素。方法按分层整群随机抽样原则,获有效样本936人,采用问卷调查及视力检测方法。数据处理采用SPSS 12.0统计软件。结果学生近视患病率为74.3%,其中男72.5%,女76.0%,男生和女生近视患病率差异无统计学意义。随着学习阶段的升高,近视患病率、近视严重程度逐步增加。将近视危险因素由大到小排序为看书时不能保护一尺眼距(β=0.607)、年龄增大(β=0.488)、平均每天视近时间长且看书时不能保持一尺眼距(β=0.484)、平均每天视近时间长(β=0.377)、既往患过眼疾(β=0.208)。结论近视与视近年限、视近距离及持续时间密切相关;造成学生近视的主要因素是不能保持一尺眼距和视近时间长;近视与视近时间有关,而与用眼方式(如使用电脑和看电视)无关;父母文化程度可以间接影响学生近视率;平均每天睡眠时间短间接增高学生近视危险度。

Objective To survey visual situation of the students from both middle schools and university of Wuchang district in Wuhan and to explore the influence factors of myopia. Methods By stratified random sampling of the group, there were samples of 936. The visual situation was investigated by questionnaires and the myopia was examined by ophthalmic doctor. The data was analyzed with SPSS12.0. Results The myopia prevalence was 74.3 % such as male 72.5 % and female 76. 0 %. There was a gradually increasing trend of myopia prevalence and myopia severity with the learning phase step by step. The myopia prevalence between male and female was not significant differences. The order of the myopia risk factors was the distance between eyes and a book not enough（β= 0. 607）, age（ β = 0. 488）, daily reading closely and long time（ β = 0. 484）, daily reading for long time （β = 0. 377）, eye illness suffered（ β = 0. 208）. Conclusion There is a significant correlation between myopia and years, and distance, and continous time of using the eyes closely; The most important factor of the myopia is distance between eyes and a book not enough and long time of using the eyes closely; Myopia is related to the duration of reading closely and is not related to watching computer＇s window or television; The different degree of parents education indirectly affect their children＇s myopia morbidity; Short sleep time daily is an indirectly risk of myopia.