苏北地区农民结核病防治知识调查

Analysis on knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and treatments among farmers in northern Jiangsu province

目的了解苏北地区农民结核病防治相关知识知晓情况并研究其影响因素。方法采用逐级整群抽样调查,随机抽取苏北地区金湖县和邳州市4个乡镇,年龄在65岁以下的农民1 900人。使用调查问卷对调查者的一般情况、肺结核防治相关知识,获取肺结核防治信息的渠道等进行调查。结果97.84%的人知道肺结核,82.36%的人知道肺结核的主要症状;分别有67.53%和68.26%的人知道有肺结核检查和治疗免费政策;41.80%的人知道得了肺结核应该去专业防治机构;但是仅有24.58%的人知道咳嗽3周以上应考虑肺结核。电视(59.47%)和广播(45.32%)仍是农民获得结核病知识的重要途径。影响农民肺结核防治知识的因素有教育程度、过去一年是否听过广播里宣传肺结核、过去一年是否从电视上看到过有关肺结核病的节目、是否拿到过结核宣传材料等4个因素。结论调查发现了农民对结核病相关知识知晓率较低,因此,应加强结核病知识的健康教育。

Objective To study the knowledge of tuberculosis（TB） prevention and treatment, and its rational factors among farmers in northern Jiangsu province. Methods Four villages were selected by multistage cluster sampling. There were 1 900 farmers aged less 65, their knowledge, attitude, practice of the rational TB prevention and treatment, and the approach of getting knowledge and the investigation of the state of the illness were investigated. Results The proportion of knowing TB, understanding main symptom, knowing free TB inspection, and the policy of free TB cure was 97.84 %, 82.36 %, 67.53 %, 68.26 %, respectively. 41.80 % of responders knew that people should go to the specific prevention institution. But only 24.58 % of subjects knew TB should be considered after coughing for more three weeks. TV（59.47 % ） and broadcast （45.32 % ） were also the main approaches that farmers obtained the knowledge of TB prevention and treatment. The factors of education, listening to the radio, watching TV and receiving related materials may impact on the knowledge of TB prevention and treatment. Conclusion The farmer＇ s knowledge of TB prevention and treatment is poor. It is necessary to carry out the public health education about TB among the farmers.